Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that temporarily wards off drowsiness and boosts alertness and energy.

Cinnulin is extracted from cinnamomum burmannii and is helpful for type II diabetes and weight loss. Studies show that cinnulin increases lean body mass and helps in reduction in body fat. It is used by people who are obese or who want to loose weight. Cinnulin can also be extracted from cinnamomum zeylanicum and cinnamomi cassia. Cinnulin, a water extract of cinnamon has become popular as it promotes healthy blood glucose levels. It ensures healthy glucose metabolism by utilizing the insulin in body more effectively. According to USDA studies cinnamon promotes healthy cholesterol levels in type II diabetes. Cinnulin is widely used by diabetic and obese patients.

Citrulline Malate is not only effective in boosting endurance but it also provides energy to the body for quick recovery. This ingredient is a mix of citrulline, involved in urea cycle and a malate which is a tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediate. Citrulline Malate is said to enhance the performance of muscles in patients who suffer from asthenia. Generally prescribed for antiasthenic treatments, it is also effective in controlling sensation of fatigue. Citrulline Malate is a compound which consists of citrulline, an amino acid found in water melons. According to European clinicians, it not only enhances the level of energy but also helps in increasing the feeling of well being in the human body. Citrulline Malate is sold as a dietary supplement for enhancing the performance of athletes. As a supplement, it is a salt form of the amino acid.

Creatine Malate is a combination of three Creatine Monohydrate molecules and one Malic Acid molecule. Creatine monohydrate is derived from glycine, arginine and methionine that help in producing and circulating ATP or adenosine tri-phosphate which is responsible for muscle contraction. The Malate acid content helps in muscle building by enhancing energy to achieve maximum muscle performance. The combination creates a form of creatine that is more soluble and easily absorbed and stored by the body. It also helps fight stomach cramping, upset stomach, and water retention. It aids in effectively converting creatine into phosphocreatine. Creatine Malate increases the endurance and recovery from extreme workout or exercise.

Di-Sodium Phosphate is a sodium salt of orthophosphoric acid and is used as an antioxidant synergist, stabiliser and buffering agent in food. It is also used as an emulsifier in the manufacture of pasteurised processed cheese.

Glycine is an amino acid acting as a transmitter of the nerve impulses. It reduces the spinal nerves action by supplying skeletal muscles. Glycine tastes sweet and is hence added to soft drinks so that it masks the aftertaste of saccharin bitterness. This is an organic compound and is found in animal proteins. Glycine takes active participation in the free state in many significant reactions such as the biosynthesis of heme which is indeed one the important constituents of hemoglobin. The glycine defects in metabolism are rare. This acid is however not essential as diet as it can be available from other substances to the body. This was the foremost acid to get isolated from protein. Glycine is employed in pharmaceutical applications. Glycine is sold as United States Pharmacopeia as well as technical grade. However, the USP grade has diverse uses. The technical grade may sometime not reach the standards or USP grade, but is widely used in industrial applications for metal finishing.

L-Arginine AKG is a salt of amino acid arginine and alpha-ketoglutaric acid, and is widely used as a body building supplement. Its components assist in the metabolism of nitric oxides. Arginine and alpha-ketoglutarate are forerunners of polyamines and nitric oxide, which take part in a number of metabolic functions. Its supplements enhance growth hormone and insulin secretion with anabolic effects in postoperative patients. Their intermediary metabolites, glutamine and proline, can also help promote recovery from trauma. In animal studies, it increased the levels of glutamine and arginine in skeletal muscles and stimulated the immune system function as compared to animals which did not receive it. It can also improve host-defense mechanisms, especially during injury and acute stress.

L-Citrulline AKG- L-Citrulline Alpha Ketoglutarate is a nutritional supplement ingredient, mainly because of the citrulline contained. Citrulline is actually an amino acid that is synthesized by the body into the much more needed conditionally essential amino acid called arginine, which is deemed a precursor to nitric oxide. It seems like the synthesizing of nitric oxide is somehow enhanced by the addition of alpha ketoglutarate, the chemical bonding of AKG with arginine is apparently providing this effect. The overall nitric oxide levels in the blood are elevated by supplementation of L-Citrulline AKG, which in turn apparently stimulates opening of blood vessels, more accurately vasodilation. Citrulline, as an alpha amino acid, is deemed a vital intermediate in the ornithine cycle, a vital biochemical reaction that produces urea out of ammonia in the liver.

L-Histidine AKG- L-Histidine Alpha Ketoglutarate is a precursor to histamine, a neurotransmitter. Histidine is one of the standard amino acids, twenty in count, that are naturally present in proteins. Humans are able to synthesize it, but in infants it is necessary to supplement this amino acid. L-Histidine Alpha Ketoglutarate is a supplemental formula for histidine, which is then synthesized by the body into histamine. Histamine is generally stored or inactivated. Four histamine receptors have been identified, with various functions, depending on the location. The H1 histamine receptor is, among other functions, responsible for causing vasodilation, bronchial smooth muscle contraction, immunologic reaction to pain and itching caused by insect stings, motion sickness and other. H2 histamine receptor stimulates gastric acid release. H3 histamine receptor controls the neurotransmitter release in central and to a lesser part peripheral nervous system. H4 is involved in chemotaxis.

L-Tyrosine is a proteinogenic polar amino acid, deemed not essential because it can be synthesized by the human body. As a member of the amino acid group that is being used by cells to build proteins, this building block derived its name from the Greek word tyros, which means cheese, because it was discovered in the cheese protein casein. L-Tyrosine can be synthesized from phenylalanine and can be found in foods high on protein, like soy products, poultry, cheese, bananas, dairy products and several seeds, including the sesame seeds. The unique phenol functionality and the occurrence in proteins that belong to the signal transduction process, make this amino acid different. Tyrosine can be converted by tyrosine hydroxylase enzyme into levodopa, a psychoactive drug that is used, among other uses, for clinical treatment of Parkinson’s disease. It is also involved in the synthesis of dopamine, norepinephrine and epinephrine.

Magnesium Phosphate is naturally found occurring inside the cells of muscles and nerves. Magnesium helps in the proper absorption of phosphorus. It helps regulating and maintaining the nerves. It acts as a nerve stabilizer. It has the ability to promote muscle and nerve relaxation. It prevents spasmodic pains, cramps and muscle strains. It also helps in preventing menstrual cramps. It fights against chronic fatigue. It also aids in the gastrointestinal system. It prevents flatulent colic, pains in the abdomen, and excessive gas. It also helps in regulating the blood pressure, which is good for treating and maintaining cardiovascular problems. It also helps in taking care of the eyesight.

NAD or Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide is a type of enzyme that is normally found in all living creatures – all creatures with living cells to be exact. Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide plays an important role when it comes to metabolism. It is responsible for accepting electrons from different molecules. Therefore, it serves as the one responsible for equally distributing the electrons and promotes better oxidation. Basically, without Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, the electrons coming from all the molecules might simply go somewhere else, and may cause a different kind of reaction to the body. Without it; there is even a great chance that the body system will not properly metabolize.

Potassium Phosphate is the coined or generic name for phosphate ions and potassium’s salt which is classified into three different substance; Monopotassium phosphate, Dipotassium phosphate and tripotassium phosphate. Monopotassium phosphate is commonly used in fertilizers, fungicides and several food additives. Among the other types of Potassium Phosphate, Monopotassium phosphate is considered as the soluble salt. On the other hand, Dipotassium phosphate is also used in fertilizers, food additives and as a buffering agent but compared to Monopotassium; it is also a soluble salt but is high in water content like tripotassium phosphate. Generally, all types of Potassium Phosphate are frequently used as fertilizers and food additives and though they might differ in some area, almost all of them bear the same quality with one another.

Taurine is an organic acid which is one of the primary ingredients of bile, found in the lower intestine as well as in small amounts in the tissues. Taurine is an important element as it is required for fat digestion through the emulsification of dietary fats. It is also needed for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins as well as the control of cholesterol serum levels. Taurine is also needed for the proper use of sodium, calcium and potassium in the body. Cell membrane integrity is also maintained with the help of taurine. Apart from these, research has shown that taurine can be very helpful in managing anxiety, hyperactivity, reduced brain functioning etc. Studies have also revealed that along with zinc, taurine is essential for proper vision. In case of a taurine deficiency there is vision impairment along with problems with fat metabolism, however since the body can synthesize the minimum amount of taurine required, this is a rarity.

Trimethylglycine, which is also known as betaine, due to the source it was discovered in, Beta vulgaris or sugar beets, is an organic compound that is deemed related to trimethylaminoethanol, or choline. To diversify it from other betaines, trimethylglycine is often called glycine betaine as well. Humans generally ingest betaine through their diet, because it is high in content in wheat, whole wheat, shellfish, sugar beets and spinach. It can also be formed in the human body out of choline. As a potential methyl donor, trimethylglycine, or TMG for short, is in the same provider group with Vitamin B12, the folic acid, choline and S-adenosyl methionine, or SAMe. TMG also plays a vital function in the production of carnitine, furthermore it works in protecting kidneys and the liver.